Between 2011 and 2017, fighting from the syrian civil war spilled over into lebanon as opponents and supporters of the syrian arab republic traveled to lebanon to fight and attack each other on lebanese soil. The term lebanon war can refer to any of the following wars, fought in lebanon. See more ideas about lebanese civil war, lebanon and war. The system favoured christians who fought to eject palestinian armed forces, which sought to use the country as a spring board for attacks into adjacent israel. With similar conflicts now spreading throughout the middle east, lebanon s tragic history can. This paper is an effort to understand the sources of societal rage and the circumstances that make the disenfranchised resort to the use of extreme force. The lebanese civil war had multiple causes claude salhani aw.
War of certain areas of lebanon lasting for 16 years and 7 months, beginning on april, 1975 and ending on october, 1990, but with pauses. In his opinion, lebanese artists are either trapped in the romantic images of lebanon during the years between its independence in 1943 and the civil war in 1975, or are portraying lebanon. Both the underlying and the immediate problems that had unsettled the lebanese political system and had led to the outburst in april 1975 remained unsolved and were in fact exacerbated and compounded by the war and its repercussions. Pitting the central government against different factions and al. The taif accord, which ended lebanons civil war almost three decades ago, stipulated that the countrys president be christian, the prime minister be sunni, and the parliament speaker be shia.
Near east, near orient publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. Four decades ago, on april 1975, the lebanese civil war broke out. After a short break in the fighting in 1976 due to arab league mediation and syrian intervention, civil strife continued, with fighting. There was a multitude of issues that led to the outbreak of violence such as the delicate balance between christians and muslims and the effect on the country of regional events. Written by a leading lebanese scholar, and based on previ. The conflict, which lasted 15 years, cost 150,000 lives, injured 300,000, and led to the emigration of almost a million people, brought the lebanese state to near collapse. This is an account of the turbulent saga of the only arab state that has a nominal christian majority. Phalangist gunmen ambush a bus in the aynalrummanah district of beirut, killing 27 of its mainly palestinian passengers. The lebanese civil war 19751990 was a conflict that became greatly worse by lebanons changing demographics. In 1989, at the final accords of the civil war, two rival administrations were formed in lebanon. List of books and articles about lebanese civil war. After the end of lebanons civil war 19751990 a political decision to disarm and. The spark that ignited the civil war in lebanon occurred in beirut on april, 1975, when gunmen killed four phalangists during an attempt on pierre jumayyil. The aim of this paper is to research and identify the causes and costs of the 1975 1990 lebanese civil war, the longest and most costly civil war in lebanon.
The settlement of october 1976 ended the lebanese civil war but not the lebanese crisis. During the lebanese civil war that began in the spring of 1975 between muslims and christians, the camp was decimated in august of 1976 after a 52day siege by christian militiamen aided by syrian troops. The aim of this paper is to research and identify the causes and costs of the 19751990 lebanese civil war, the longest and most costly civil war in lebanon. Hundred days war 1978 part of the lebanese civil war. There was also an exodus of almost one million people from lebanon as a result of. Visitors were often asked if they knew lebanon before the events.
Fullscale civil war erupted between leftist muslims with plo aid and conservative christians. Gunmen attempt to assassinate maronite christian phalangist leader pierre gemayel as hes leaving church that sunday. Yet the civil war, or the events if you prefer, did not start on april, 1975. The lebanese civil war 19751990 is a product of its diverse participating factions. Pdf the path to syrian intervention in lebanon on the eve of civil. Pdf the path to syrian intervention in lebanon on the. While antisectarian mobilizations are typically led by youth and young adults born after or towards the end of the 19751990 civil war and usually instigated by political groups students. The sixteenyear long civil war in lebanon was caused by dissatisfaction over the distribution of political. The lebanese civil war was a multifaceted civil war in lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and. Oct 21, 1998 this is an account of the turbulent saga of the only arab state that has a nominal christian majority.
After the defeat of turkey in the first world war and the collapse of the ottoman empire, the league of nations mandated syria to france. The shooting was revenge for the killings of several kataib members, and a bodyguard of pierre gemayel, at ayn alrumana church 2. About 1,600 people died during the siege, 4,000 were wounded, and. Archived from the original pdf on 23 september 2015. At its peak it threatened to bring about the complete collapse and disintegration of the lebanese state. Along with the fatalities, the fighting caused a mass exodus, which resulted in the displacement of nearly one milli. Term paper on us role in present lebanese civil war assignment before the end of the first world war, the area comprising the presentday lebanon was part of syria, rule by the ottoman empire. The outbreak of the second lebanese civil war in 1975 and the subsequent. Apr 24, 2016 first of all, you should consider reading multiple lebanese civil war books, because each part have a different vision about every single action of this 15 years crisis. Lebanon history civil war, 19751990, lebanon foreign relations, middle east politics and government 19451979, lebanon history civil war, 19751976, middle east politics and government 1945publisher syracuse, n. Home this is a guide to informatuion resources about the lebanese civil war. About 1,600 people died during the siege, 4,000 were wounded, and 6,000 read more.
As such, the lebanese civil war, which lasted until autumn 1976, can be considered as the antithesis of the rabat summit. In this video, a lebanese national discusses the 1975 civil war in lebanon. The lebanese civil war 1975 1990 had its origin in the conflicts and political compromises of lebanon s colonial period and was exacerbated by the nations changing demographic trends, christian and muslim interreligious strife, and proximity to syria and israel. This essay, fourth in the series, examines lebanon, a country sharply divided along sectarian lines and burdened by interference from abroad. The sixteenyear long civil war in lebanon was caused by dissatisfaction over the distribution of political power. Since its independence in 1943, lebanon has been governed by a confessional political system in which parliamentary seats and governmental and civil service positions are distributed among religious sects in accordance with their population ratio. An estimated 50,000 lebanese were killed and twice that number wounded. Reconciliation, reform and resilience positive peace for lebanon. The lebanese civil war was a conflict fought in lebanon from 19751990, with approximately 120,000 casualties reported. With similar conflicts now spreading throughout the middle east, lebanons tragic history can.
The syrian conflict stoked a resurgence of sectarian violence in lebanon, with many of lebanons sunni muslims supporting the rebels in syria, while many of lebanons shia muslims. As of 2012, approximately 76,000 people remain displaced within lebanon. At the request of lebanons president, syrian forces entered lebanon apr. There was conflict between sunnis and shias, between christians and muslims, and the involvement of syria, israel and the palestine liberation organization. The lebanese civil war was a conflict fought in lebanon from 1975 1990, with approximately 120,000 casualties reported. Syria intervened both indirectly and directly in lebanese politics and economy in order to gain influence over its.
This analysis of the domestic lebanese conflict, which developed into civil war in the summer of 1975. Civil war lebanon became embroiled in civil war among the christians, muslims, and palestinians from early 1975 to late 1976. The lebanese civil war was a conflict that became greatly worse by lebanons changing demographics. The main groups were the maronite christians, shii muslims, the druze, plo, the israeli army and the syrian army. In speaking about this fascination on the part of western collectors, lebanese artist bernard khoury notes that local artists are prisoners of war or at least, of the depictions they make of it. The lebanese civil war erupted in april 1975 and ended in october 1990. This is not an authoritative commentary on lebanese history or the lebanese civil war lcw. Sep 06, 2017 in this video, a lebanese national discusses the 1975 civil war in lebanon. Lebanon history civil war, 1975 1990, lebanon foreign relations, middle east politics and government 19451979, lebanon history civil war, 1975 1976, middle east politics and government 1945publisher syracuse, n. Pdf lebanese shii political thought during the lebanese.
Gunmen attempt to assassinate maronite christian phalangist leader. The lebanese civil war took place from 1975 to 1990 and claimed the lives of some 200,000 people, which left lebanon in ruins. This month marks the 40th anniversary of the lebanese civil war that started on the th of april 1975. Mouna bassili sehnaoui on painting the lebanese civil war lebanese art often refers to the long and painful civil war, which split the country for so long, and international perceptions of lebanese artists are also dominated by the legacy of violence. The lebanese civil war is one of the most vicious in modern history and its onset can be seen. Recent evolutions in lebanese society following 15 years of civil war 19751990, that left lebanon in a depleted economic, sociopolitical and human situation, the country experienced 15 years of restless as well as unbalanced reconstruction. Abstract from april 1975 to october 1990 lebanon suffered a bloody civil war. The causes of the lebanese civil war 1975 1990 from cairo to taif contents.
With more than a dozen political, religious, and social parties, the streets of. The phalangists claim that guerrillas had previously attacked a church in the same district. Pdf the causes of the lebanese civil war 19751990 from. You should get the israeli book the snow ball translated into arabic.
Mouna bassili sehnaoui on painting the lebanese civil war. The war was fought between religious as well as political groups. Jan 22, 2012 on april 1975 a bus with palestinian passengers were gunned down by christian militia the kataib which resulted in the first steps towards an actual civil war. Sources and additional reading are in comments after reading many books about lebanese history and the civil war in particular, i believe this is the best. Syrian prochristian forces imposed an october 1976 ceasefire, but conflict continued near the israeli border. Lebanese armys 4th intervention regiment personnel on syria street, guarding the road between bab altabbaneh and jabal mohsen in 2011. Lebanese civil war simple english wikipedia, the free.
Aug, 2019 the lebanese civil war took place from 1975 to 1990 and claimed the lives of some 200,000 people, which left lebanon in ruins. This is why ive decided to publish wikileaks cables from the war era, every day till the th of april. On the surface, this agreement seemed to create an equitable powersharing agreement that protected all the sects from one another. Occupation syrienne du liban began in 1976, during the lebanese civil war, and ended in 2005 following the assassination of former lebanese prime minister rafic hariri in january 1976, a syrian proposal to restore the limits to the palestinian guerrilla presence in lebanon, which had been in. Religious and political divisions see leb were magnified by income inequities and the failure of the dominant christians to update the 1932 census the basis for the allocation of. Political posters of the lebanese civil war and hezbollah core.
It includes information about books, encyclopedias, primary sources and other materials covering different aspects of the war. Media in category lebanese civil war the following 53 files are in this category, out of 53 total. After a short break in the fighting in 1976 due to arab league mediation and syrian intervention, civil strife continued. On april 1975 a bus with palestinian passengers were gunned down by christian militia the kataib which resulted in the first steps towards an actual civil war. Pdf this paper examines syrias intervention in lebanon during the five. Formerly known as the switzerland of the middle east, an island of economic stability and social progress, lebanon was shattered by a civil war that raged from 1975 until 1990. What are some good books on the lebanese civil war. There are several advantages this book has over alternatives. This paper examines syrias intervention in lebanon during the five years preceding the civil war that broke out in april 1975. There was conflict between sunnis and shias, between christians and muslims, and the involvement of syria, israel and the palestine liberation organization plo. Its causes and actors andrea becker maren reyelt term paper advanced seminar politics international politics region.
First of all, you should consider reading multiple lebanese civil war books, because each part have a different vision about every single action of this 15 years crisis. Part of the arab winter, the spillover of the syrian civil war and the iransaudi arabia proxy conflict. Eve of civil war, 19701975, british journal of middle eastern studies, 41. Mountain war lebanon 19831984 part of the lebanese civil war war of the camps 19841989 part of the lebanese civil war. Download our free nook app escape into a good book things to do at home next. From april 1975 to october 1990 lebanon suffered a bloody civil war. However, the dictum of sectarian balance led to the emergence of a weak state, and as a conse.